Electric battery



July 24,1923.

W. RVLOVEMAN ELECTRIC BATTERY Original Filed Jan. 5, 1921 INVENTORbatented July 241-, T1923;

train a. m

" meant enTaNT carton EORT METAL GQODS MANUFACTURING GQIZdlPAHY, (FBRIDGEEQRT, CQNNECTECUT,

e. coo'rrorv or conuncrrcn'r.

IEUTRIG BATTERY.

application filed January 5, 19211; Serial ffo. 485,135. Iaenewednecemterd, that.

To all whomz't may concern: 7 Be it known that 1, WILLIAM R. Lova- MAN,a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, county ofFairfield, State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement inElectric Batteries, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements'in dry cell batteries in general,and at the same 10 time its development has been evolved moreparticularly inconnection with those commonly known as bag typebatteries.

The prime object of the invention is to produce a high grade battery ata comparatively low cost by utilizing in localized relationia relativelysmall amount of first grade depolarizing material, which is much moreexpensive than ordinary, depolarizing material used in commercialbatteries. j In 29 my invention I provide a battery having a zinccontainer, forming the negative electrode, and a bobbin of'depolarizingmaterial forming the positive electrode, in which the greater bulk ofthedepolarizer consists 1 of any of the well known depolarizing materials,such as manganese dioxide moistened with an exciting fluid, and-theremaining. portion of the depolarizer consisting of a I smallamountofhighly efficient, expensive,

3 depolar'izing material, the said depolarizers being of difierentdepolarizing power.

Another object is to concentrate the depolarizer having the greatesteliiciency' 1n the vicinity of one electrode and to provide All theremainder, which includes the bulk of the battery, with a commonconducting ma terial which may be practically devoid of depolarizingvalue, orhave only a limited amount thereof but yet would occlude the ofthe depolarizer has practically no function in the life of thefbattery,but is not salvagable due to the solidified form it as-' see in thecontainer. Consequently, I provide a battery with a thin outer layer ofhighly eficient depolarizer, such as artilicially prepared depolarizeror depolarizer other than manganese dioxide, inconcentrated form, and arelatively thick inner layerot such common depolarizer as man-' ganesedioxide.

The above and other objects will be apparent from the followingdescription and drawings, and will be especially pointed out in theappended claims.

lig. 1 is a top plan viewof the battery, an i I H Fig. 2 is a crosssectional view on line 2-2 in Fig. l, looking in the direction of thearrows.

- lln the embodiment of the invention illustrated herein 10 denotes theordinary zinc battery shell, which may be f soldered or seamless,constituting the negative electrode of the battery, 11 the common muslinbag adapted to hold the positive bobbin of the battery, and 12 denotes acarbon pencil centrally located in the center of the bobbin.

-As is usual in batteries of the bag type, the

muslin-bag may be'secured to the inside of the zinc shell by a coatingof electrolytic paste or in any other desired manner.

Surrounding the carbon pencil oil the battery within the bag is carriedthe depolarizing material, ordinarily a mix ozt manganese dioxidemoistened with an exciting fluid, which is tamped into a comressed massforming the positive 'bobbin. Due to the fact that the polarizingaction, which takes place when the battery is in service, is almostentirely taken care of'by a 1 comparatively thin layer of thedepolarizer next to the z nc shell, ll propose to make battery of two ormore composite layers cit different depolarizing value. A's for example,a battery rormed with an inner layer E 13', adaptedfto concentricallysurround the carbon pencil, consisting of a mixof low grade manganesedioxide, and an outer layer 1e, interposed between the inner layer andthe ne ative electrode consisting of hi h g 1 7 6 E9 grade depolarizingmaterial. The usual seal 15 of wax or the like isapplied on top of themixtures inside the zinc casing to prebeen only and it is to beunderstood that the invent evaporation-and premature deterioration.

The battery, as described, is formed by tamping the mixture 13 about thecarbon pencil 12 in a suitable container, thus forming the innercylindrical portion of the bobbin. The layer 14 is then formed in theshape of a hollow cylinder by tamping the mixture around a corecentrally held in a suitable container. The core is then removed and theinner portion placed within the hollow cylinder, after which they aregiven an additional tamping to unite the two portions together. When theabove has been completed, the bobbin is placed within the muslin bag andthe whole inserted in the zinc shell of the battery. The above method offorming my improved battery bobbin has given for clearness ofunderstanding vention is not restrictedthereto. The portions of, thedepolarizin mixture may' be moistened with proper s0 utions of zinc andammonium chloride previous to the tamping process, the use of themoistening paste and its insertion and purpose in the battery beingcommon practice, and is not shown herein as it forms no part of thisinvention.

Both portions of the depolarizing mixture- ,may have incorporated inthem a certain amount of raphite in order to render them electro-conuctive. i

The portions 13 and 14 may be composed of man anese dioxide or othermaterials ca- 'pable o performing the depolarizing function, thedifference between the two portions being that portion 13 may becomposed of a relatively lowv grade of material, while portion 14 is tobe made of a much higher grade of material of the most activedepolarizing capacity. The thickness of this latter named portion beingdetermined by the cost and the type of battery desired.

It is thus possible to produce at least two very important elements bythe use of distinct portions of depolarizing mixtures. The quality ofcommercial batteries may be greatly im roved by using in portion 13 astaple gra e of depolarizing material, common' in the market and muchused, and to utilize with it a thin outer portion 14 of a high gradedepolarizing material, which is very expensive "andwould make the priceof batteries prohibitive if used alone in the depolarizing mixture ofthe bobbin. Secondly, a relatively cheap battery may be produced byusing in portion 13 material which is principally composed of conductivemateriaL- In this manner the cost of a battery and the eficiency thereofmay be ractically controlled by the extent and epolarizin capacity ofthe portion 14.

Whi e in the drawing there have been shown but two portions ofdepolarizing mixtures of different value, "there is contemplated the useof more than two distinct portions between the electrodes, of increasingdepolarizing power toward the negative electrode.

In the fore oing the invention has been described in but one embodimentthereof and no limitation is to be implied therefrom as the invention iscapable of several applications in various forms.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode consisting of azinc shell, a positive electrode therein and two separate portions ofdepolarizing agent having different depolarizing value.

2. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode, a positiveelectrode, and two separate portions of depolarizing agent, one of whichis richer in depolarizing material than the other.

3. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode, a positiveelectrode, and two separate portions of depolarizing agent of differentrichness in depolarizing value, the richer one being adjacent thenegative electrode.

4. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode, apositiveelectrode, and two distinct portions of depolarizing a cut ofdifferent richness in de olarizing va us, the richer of which isrelatively thin and laced adjacent the negative electrode, whi e thepoorer portion is relatively thick and is placed adjacent the positiveelectrode.

5. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode, a positiveelectrode, and two distinct portions of depolarizing material havingdifferent depolarizing value, one of which fills the bulk of thebattery, while the other forms only a thin layer.

6. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode, a positiveelectrode, and depolarizing portions of different degrees of richness ofdepolarizing material therebetween, said portions increasing in richnessin going from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.

7. An electric battery comprising a positive electrode, a negativeelectrode, and lay.

ers of depolarizing material therebetween having diflerent depolarizingvalue.

8. An electric battery comprising a positive electrode, a negativeelectrode, and portions of depolarizinig material therebetween, saidportions varying in thickness and richness in going from the positiveelectrode to the negative electrode, the portion at the negativeelectrode being richer and thinner than the portion at the positiveelectrode.

9. An electric battery comprising a negative electrode, a bobbinincluding a positive electrode, a portion of depolarizing materialforming the bulk of the bobbin, and a ty of layers of depolarizingmaterial 'bedistinct layer of depolarizing material havtween the electrodes having different de- 1 ing difierent depolarizing value from thepolarizing values, the layer with the greatest material' forming thebulk of the bobbin. depolarizingvalue being nearest the nega- 5 upon theexterior of the bobbin; tive electrode.

V 10. An electric battery comprising a posi- In testimony whereof aflixmy signature. tive electrode, a negative electrode, a plurali- WHILIAMR; LOVEMAN.

